At what point are aircraft most vulnerable to hijacking?

Aircraft are most vulnerable to hijacking when they are on the ground, prepared for flight. This is primarily due to the relative ease of access to the aircraft at this stage. When an aircraft is on the ground, especially before takeoff, potential hijackers have the opportunity to approach the aircraft without the challenges posed by altitude, speed, and altitude-specific security measures that are more difficult to breach while in flight.

During this time, the aircraft's doors are typically accessible, and the crew may be less vigilant compared to the heightened levels of alertness that are present during flight and takeoff. Additionally, the ground crew and airport personnel are present, creating an environment where it may be easier for someone to introduce unauthorized individuals or materials. The procedures and security checks are also critical at this stage; however, if these measures fail or are not adequately enforced, the aircraft can become an easy target.

In comparison, when an aircraft is in the air, the potential for hijacking is decreased due to the altitude, speed, and the fact that the cockpit is often more secure with reinforced doors and protocols in place. While takeoff and landing phases do pose risks, the vulnerability on the ground when preparing for flight remains a crucial point for security personnel to focus their